Influenza & Coronaviruses — Virology I Quiz (BMLT 449)
Medium-difficulty multiple-choice quiz for medical lab scientists based on BMLT 449 Lecture Five (2026). Covers influenza structure, antigenic variation, diagnostics, treatment, and coronaviruses.
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Quiz Questions & Answers
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Question 1: Which genomic feature of influenza A and B explains their ability to produce reassortant progeny when two strains coinfect the same cell?
Circular segmented DNA
Double-stranded DNA with introns
Single continuous positive-sense RNA
Segmented negative-sense RNA genome
Question 2: Which pair of surface glycoproteins defines influenza A subtypes and is central to antigenic drift and shift?
Hemagglutinin-esterase and M protein
Matrix and nucleocapsid proteins
Spike and envelope proteins
Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase
Question 3: A lab receives a nasopharyngeal aspirate for rapid influenza testing. Which diagnostic method from the lecture gives a quick antigen detection?
Complement fixation serology
Western blot of respiratory secretions
Viral culture on bacterial agar
Immunofluorescence or ELISA for antigen detection
Question 4: Which statement best distinguishes antigenic drift from antigenic shift in influenza viruses?
Drift only affects influenza B; shift only affects influenza C
Drift causes loss of genome segments; shift duplicates segments
Drift involves recombination with coronaviruses; shift involves bacterial coinfection
Drift are small mutations causing seasonal epidemics; shift is abrupt reassortment causing pandemics
Question 5: Which clinical laboratory test is most appropriate to confirm current SARS-CoV-2 infection according to the lecture notes?
Antigen detection in stool as the sole test
Real-time RT-PCR on respiratory specimens
Complement fixation antibody test
Blood culture for viral growth
Question 6: Why do influenza B viruses rarely cause pandemics compared with influenza A, based on the lecture?
They infect only birds and never humans
They have less genetic diversity and limited antigenic variation
They lack surface proteins entirely
They are DNA viruses with slow replication
Question 7: A respiratory virus lab workflow note: Which property of SARS-CoV-2 explains why soap and handwashing are effective against it?
Extremely small non-enveloped capsid resistant to detergents
Enveloped virus with a lipid bilayer that soap disrupts
Protein-only prion structure disrupted by ethanol
DNA genome that is broken down by soap
Question 8: Which clinical feature or timeline detail from the lecture is important when interpreting a negative RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2?
A single negative test definitively rules out infection regardless of timing
CT imaging replaces the need for any repeat molecular testing
Antibody presence guarantees active infection at the time of testing
Timing and sample type: early sampling or nasopharyngeal source can yield false negatives