Biology Paper 2 — Combined Higher: Homeostasis & Hormones
Seven medium-difficulty multiple-choice questions linking video sections on homeostasis, nervous and endocrine systems, blood glucose control, diabetes, reflexes, and reproductive hormones.
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Quiz Questions & Answers
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Question 1: In a homeostatic control loop responding to a fall in body temperature, which sequence correctly traces the pathway from stimulus to response?
Cold detected by receptors → coordination in CNS → muscles shiver (effector) → heat production
Cold detected by receptors → reflex arc in spinal cord → digest more food
Cold detected by muscles → hormones released from pancreas → sweating reduces heat
Cold detected by receptors → immediate hormone release from pituitary → increased heart rate
Question 2: Which arrangement correctly maps how a pain signal travels from the skin to a muscle making a withdrawal movement?
Relay neuron → sensory neuron → motor neuron → muscle contracts
Sensory neuron → pituitary gland → motor neuron → muscle contracts
Motor neuron → sensory neuron → relay neuron → muscle relaxes
Sensory neuron → relay neuron in CNS → motor neuron → muscle contracts
Question 3: A person accidentally touches a hot object and immediately pulls their hand away. Which feature explains why this action occurs before conscious awareness?
Hormones are released immediately from the adrenal gland to move muscles faster
The reflex arc processes the impulse in the spinal cord, bypassing conscious brain processing for speed
Sensory neurons send signals directly to muscles without relay neurons
The pancreas triggers a rapid blood sugar spike to energise the muscle
Question 4: Which statement best contrasts endocrine and nervous system signalling?
Endocrine uses blood-borne hormones for slower, longer-lasting widespread effects; nervous uses electrical impulses for fast, short-lived, precise actions
Both systems use synapses and neurotransmitters to send long-lasting signals through the bloodstream
The nervous system only controls hormones and has no direct effect on muscles
Endocrine signals are faster than nervous impulses because blood flows quickly
Question 5: How does negative feedback maintain thyroxine levels when the thyroid gland makes excess thyroxine?
High thyroxine inhibits pituitary TSH release, reducing stimulation of the thyroid until thyroxine falls
The thyroid stores excess thyroxine until needed, independent of pituitary signals
Pituitary increases TSH when thyroxine is high to maintain production
High thyroxine directly converts back into TSH to lower hormone level
Question 6: After a carbohydrate-rich meal, what combined hormonal actions restore normal blood glucose?
Pituitary releases TSH → thyroid increases metabolic rate to remove glucose
Adrenaline is released → muscle glycogen converted to glucose to reduce blood sugar
Pancreas increases glucagon → liver converts glycogen to glucose
Pancreas increases insulin → cells uptake glucose and liver converts glucose to glycogen
Question 7: Which description correctly contrasts type 1 and type 2 diabetes management?
Type 1 is caused by obesity and treated mainly by diet; type 2 is autoimmune and needs lifelong insulin
Type 1 requires insulin injections due to lack of insulin; type 2 often managed by diet, exercise and drugs to improve insulin sensitivity
Type 1 can be cured with weight loss; type 2 requires immediate pancreas transplant
Both types are treated only with insulin injections regardless of cause